Live Sensitivity Scale (Model Parameter Size (Billions — e.g. 8B, 14B, 32B, 70B))Output Comparison
0.75× Conservative
46.3 tok/s (21.6 ms/tok)
1.00× Active
5.4 tok/s (184.9 ms/tok)
1.50× Aggressive
0.9 tok/s (1127.2 ms/tok)
⚠️ VRAM Overflow: 7.4 GB offloaded to DDR5 System RAM (~41.6 GB/s PCIe/RAM bottleneck). Upgrade to 2x 80GB GPUs (160GB) or rent a Cloud 80GB A100/H100 GPU to restore full memory-bandwidth speed.
⚠ Hardware Bottleneck & Cloud GPU FinOps Advisory (7.4 GB VRAM Overflow)Spilling layers across PCIe into system DDR5 (~64 GB/s) throttles generation to 5.4 tok/s and stretches 32k agentic prefill to 6.18s. To keep 87.4 GB 100% resident in high-bandwidth memory, scale to 4× 24GB GPUs (multi-GPU tensor parallel) or provision an on-demand 80GB H100 / A100 Cloud GPU instance (~$1.89–$2.99/hr for 75–120 tok/s). Compare self-hosted GPU hourly burn against managed API token billing in the LLM Token API Cost Calculator and 2026 LLM API Pricing Matrix.
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Use the interactive Local LLM Hardware Speed, Multi-GPU VRAM & Agentic Prefill Simulator above to model custom production workloads and export CSV benchmark reports.
Verified production lookup matrix for Local LLM Hardware Speed, Multi-GPU VRAM & Agentic Prefill Simulator. Click any row to load that exact preset configuration:
Compare how scaling Model Parameter Size (Billions — e.g. 8B, 14B, 32B, 70B) affects your output (click any row to load those values into the calculator above):
Model Parameter Size (Billions — e.g. 8B, 14B, 32B, 70B)
Select a hardware + model preset (such as 1× RTX 4090 running Qwen-2.5-Coder-32B Q4_K_M, 2× RTX 3090 48GB running Llama-3.3-70B, RTX 5090 32GB, or Mac Studio M4 Max / M3 Ultra with Apple MLX) or customize the 8 parameters.
Inspect the Live Token-Per-Second Terminal Simulator below to watch real-time text generation at your exact calculated tok/s rate and experience the Agentic Context Prefill (TTFT) delay.
Review the VRAM Allocation & Spillover Bar and Hardware FinOps Advisory to see if your model fits 100% in VRAM or requires Multi-GPU / Cloud GPU scaling.
Primary Standards & References: Roofline Memory-Bandwidth Bound Inference Model (Williams et al., UC Berkeley) & llama.cpp / vLLM / Apple MLX Empirical Utilization Constants Roofline token/sec and TTFT projections model dense transformer weights and GQA KV-cache memory footprints. MoE (Mixture-of-Experts) architectures require total parameter VRAM for storage but compute generation speed from active parameters per token.
Frequently Asked Questions — Local LLM Speed & VRAM Simulator
What is the benchmark calculation for Local LLM Speed & VRAM Benchmark: 32B & 70B on RTX 4090, RTX 5090 & Mac Studio?
Running a 32B parameter coding model at Q4_K_M (4.5 bits/weight) with a 32K agentic context window on 1× RTX 4090 (24 GB VRAM, 1,008 GB/s bandwidth, 165 FP16 TFLOPS) requires 23.2 GB total VRAM (20.2 GB weights + 3.1 GB KV cache), generating 36.0 tok/s (27.8 ms/tok) with a 17.65s Time-To-First-Token (TTFT) prefill.
Why does local LLM generation speed drop so drastically when VRAM overflows into System RAM?
Autoregressive token generation is strictly memory-bandwidth bound: every single generated token requires reading 100% of the active model weights from memory. While a discrete GPU delivers 936–1,792 GB/s of GDDR6X/GDDR7 bandwidth, offloading spilled layers to dual-channel DDR5 System RAM over PCIe drops effective read throughput on those layers to ~41.6 GB/s—causing a 5x to 15x slowdown.
How is the Local LLM Speed & VRAM Simulator equation verified against published standards?
This calculator executes the deterministic formula (VRAM_weights = Params(B) × (Bits/8) × 1.12; VRAM_KV = ContextK × Params(B) × 0.004 × (Bits≥8 ? 1.0 : 0.75); TPS_gen = 1 ÷ [ (VRAM_weights × f_gpu)/(BW_gpu × η) + (VRAM_weights × f_cpu)/41.6 ]; TTFT(s) = (2 × Params(B) × ContextK × 1.024) ÷ Effective_TFLOPS), documented against Roofline Memory-Bandwidth Bound Inference Model (Williams et al., UC Berkeley) & llama.cpp / vLLM / Apple MLX Empirical Utilization Constants and verified by the OmniToolCalc Systems & Creator Engineering Desk. Use the 6-tier Reference Benchmark Table above or export to CSV to compare how parameter changes scale across scenarios.
Related Engineering, FinOps & Creator Reference Matrices